The NIH Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office (SGMRO) recognizes the growing need to develop better measures and methods to accurately capture and understand the health of sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations. Ongoing research into the methods and measures for sexual orientation, gender identity, and sex characteristics have yielded an excellent starting place. There are still more areas for continued research in specific areas such as measuring various constructs in youth populations, proxy reporting, and translation into languages other than English.