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Pathogen Detection Project
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Resource Development
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CDC, FDA
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NLM
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The Pathogen Detection Project is a tri-agency collaboration that is combining data from pathogen outbreaks with other information to determine the major source of contamination. The project is conducted via a centralized system that integrates sequence data for bacterial pathogens obtained from food, the environment, and human patients. A number of public health agencies in the US and internationally are collecting samples from these sources to facilitate active, real-time surveillance of pathogens and foodborne disease. The agencies sequence the samples and submit the data to NCBI/NLM/NIH, which analyzes the sequences against others in its database to identify closely related sequences. The aim is to uncover potential sources of contamination by linking isolates from food or the environment to human illness and to quickly report the sequence relationships to public health scientists in order to aid trace back investigations and outbreak response. The collaborative project is currently focusing on sequencing and analyzing the four bacterial groups that are the major causes of foodborne illness in the US: Campylobacter; Escherichia coli and Shigella; Listeria; and Salmonella. Collaborating agencies include FDA, CDC, USDA-Food Safety and Inspection Service, and Public Health England.
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Pathways to Prevention Workshop: The Role of Opioids in the Treatment of Chronic Pain
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Meeting/ Workshop
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AHRQ, CDC, FDA, IHS, OS, SAMHSA
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NIDA, NCI, NIA, NINDS, OD/DPCPSI/ODP
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The workshop and report addressed four questions: 1) What is the long-term effectiveness of opioids for treatment for chronic pain? 2) What are the safety and harms of opioids in patients with chronic pain? 3) What are the effects of different opioid management strategies? 4) What is the effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies for opioid treatment? The information in this report is intended to help health care decision-makers--patients and clinicians, health system leaders, and policymakers, among others--make well-informed decisions and thereby improve the quality of health care services.
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Pathways to Prevention- Integration of worksite health promotion and total worker health
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Meeting/ Workshop
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AHRQ, CDC
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NHLBI
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The goal is to understand the scientific evidence related to integration of worksite health promotion and occupational safety and health protection, including factors that influence the effectiveness of an integrated approach, and to develop recommendations for further research.
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Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma-Reviewing the Evidence Advancing Science
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Meeting/ Workshop
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HRSA
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NINR, NHLBI, NICHD, NIDA, NIGMS, NIMH, NINDS
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The developmental sequelae of children who suffer maltreatment related injuries is understudied and there is a need to bring together researchers from different disciplines who study and provide a continuum of services to these children. Thus, the purpose of this conference was to build on the 2002 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) sponsored conference on Inflicted Childhood Neurotrauma, review advances in the science from multiple disciplinary perspectives and to address definitional issues as well as implications for treatment, intervention and long-term outcomes for children. This meeting was an advisory to the new Pediatric Trauma & Critical Illness Branch (PTCIB) of NICHD and the proceedings will be used to inform a research agenda. This workshop was sponsored by PTCIB. The purpose of the meeting was to examine current findings on inflicted childhood neurotrauma, or Abusive Head Trauma (AHT), and related priorities. Day 1 of the workshop began with two presentations, one establishing a research agenda for AHT and a broad overview of what is and is not known about AHT, followed by a roundtable discussion. Then there were two sessions, one on basic research in AHT and one on clinical, epidemiological, and translational research, each followed by a roundtable discussion. Day 2 began with a session reviewing highlights from the previous day, followed by a roundtable discussion. Participants then divided into three workgroups: basic science; clinical science; and treatment, outcomes, prevention, and rehabilitation. After completing their discussions, workgroups presented their findings. This workshop was sponsored by the Pediatric Trauma and Critical Illness Branch (PTCIB) of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). The purpose of the meeting was to examine current findings on inflicted childhood neurotrauma, or AHT, and related priorities. Day 1 of the workshop began with two presentations, one establishing a research agenda for AHT and a broad overview of what is and is not known about AHT, followed by a roundtable discussion. Then there were two sessions, one on basic research in AHT and one on clinical, epidemiological, and translational research, each followed by a roundtable discussion. Day 2 began with a session reviewing highlights from the previous day, followed by a roundtable discussion. Participants then divided into three workgroups: basic science; clinical science; and treatment, outcomes, prevention, and rehabilitation. After completing their discussions, workgroups presented their findings.
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Pediatric-PMTCT PEPFAR working group
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Committee, Work group, Advisory group, or Task Force
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CDC
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NICHD
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The Pediatric-PMTCT PEPFAR working group supports the objectives of the U.S. President''s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT).
Beginning with the President''s Mother and Child HIV Transmission Initiative in 2002, and then expanding with the launch of the U.S. President''s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) in 2003, prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) has been a central focus of U.S. Government global HIV/AIDS efforts. Congress established the Expert Panel on Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Section 309 of H.R. 5501, the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008. Its purposes are to provide an objective review of PEPFAR''s PMTCT activities, and provide recommendations to the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and the appropriate Congressional committees for further scale-up of services to achieve the ambitious target of reaching 80 percent of pregnant women in countries most affected by HIV/AIDS in which the U.S. has HIV/AIDS programs.
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Pertussis Working Group
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Committee, Work group, Advisory group, or Task Force
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CDC, FDA
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NIAID
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The objective of the Pertussis Working Group is to share information and promote collaborations among U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) agencies in order to better understand the recent resurgence of pertussis in the U. S. and identify potential strategies to address the problem.
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PhenX Tobacco Regulatory Research (TRR) Working Groups
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Committee, Work group, Advisory group, or Task Force
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FDA
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NIDA
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The FDA and the NIH Tobacco Regulatory Science Program (TRSP) are seeking to expand the depth and breadth of tobacco-related measures that can enhance cross-study analysis in large-scale research. Use of the selected consensus measures will facilitate the comparison of results from different studies and the combination of studies to create larger sample sizes, increasing statistical power and the ability to detect more subtle and complex associations. The measures will be housed within the PhenX Toolkit (https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/). PhenX is a repository for measures identified as central in a field, developed with funding from the NHGR
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Pilot Studies Working Group
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Committee, Work group, Advisory group, or Task Force
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CDC, FDA, HRSA
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NICHD
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This is a short term project oriented committee.
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Pink Ribbon Red Ribbon
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Meeting/ Workshop
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CDC
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NCI
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Pink Ribbon Red Ribbon (PRRR) is a partnership to leverage public and private sector investments to address breast and cervical cancers in developing countries. It is being implemented in several countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The National Cancer Institute and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provide technical assistance in implementation strategies to the PRRR countries. This assistance involves drafting guidelines for monitoring and evaluation of prevention and treatment services as well as developing communication strategies.
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Planning and Design for Post-Acute Care Assessment Instruments and Data Elements
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Resource Development
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CMS
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NLM
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The ultimate goal of this work is to improve quality of care and interoperability of computerized data in acute hospitals and post-acute care (PAC) settings through use of health informatics and real-time transfer of patient information. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) collaborate on planning and design for the Continuity Assessment Record & Evaluation (CARE) instrument and its data elements, and those of other CMS post-acute care assessment tools; develop logical data model and software applications that promote compliance and compatibility with Federal Health Architecture consolidated health informatics (CHI) standards; adopt Federal government-wide health information interoperability standards associated with Meaningful Use; and improve data and messaging for the Medicare program. This collaboration benefits from NLM''s role as central U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) coordinating body for clinical terminology standards, and provides NLM specific and usage-based feedback on the utility of such standards in this environment.
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