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Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD)
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Research Initiative
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CDC, IHS
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NIDDK, NHLBI
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This study is a 16-center, randomized clinical trial investigating the long-term health consequences of weight loss. Enrollment occurred between 2001-2004 with a planned follow-up of up to 13.5 years. The Look AHEAD cohort comprises approximately 5,000 overweight or obese participants with type 2 diabetes, aged 45-76. Participants were randomized to one of two interventions: an intensive lifestyle intervention designed to produce and sustain weight loss over the long term or a diabetes support and education arm. The study intervention was discontinued in Sept. 2012 on the recommendation of the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB), as there were no differences between the two groups after up to 11 years of follow-up. The study will continue to follow participants for study outcomes.
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Action Plan for Children in Adversity (APCA)/PL 109-95
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Committee, Work group, Advisory group, or Task Force
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ACF, CDC, HRSA
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NICHD
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The Action Plan on Children in Adversity is the first-ever whole-of-government strategic guidance for U.S. Government international assistance for children. The goal of the U.S. Government Action Plan on Children in Adversity is to achieve a world in which all children grow up within protective family care and free from deprivation, exploitation, and danger. The plan is grounded in evidence that shows a promising future belongs to those nations that invest wisely in their children, while failure to do so undermines social and economic progress. Child development is a cornerstone for all development, and it is central to U. S. development and diplomatic efforts. The plan seeks to integrate internationally recognized, evidence-based good practices into all of its international assistance initiatives for the best interests of the child. The Action Plan has three principal objectives and three supporting objectives to promote greater U.S. Government coherence and accountability for whole-of-government assistance to vulnerable children.
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Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Follow-up Study (ACCORDION) -- Health Related
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Research Initiative
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CDC
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NHLBI
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The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study was primarily composed of three clinical trials that tested treatment approaches to determine the best ways to decrease the high rate of major cardiovascular disease (CVD) events – heart attack, stroke, or death from CVD – among people with type 2 diabetes who are at especially high risk of having a CVD event, like a heart attack or stroke. ACCORDION (the ACCORD Follow-up Study) is a prospective, observational follow-up study of approximately 8000 participants who were treated and followed in the ACCORD Trial. It is designed to further elucidate and clarify the long-term effects of the ACCORD treatment strategy and provide additional data on the long-term relationships among various cardiovascular and diabetic risk factors. ACCORD participants had type 2 diabetes and were at high risk for a CVD event. Those who agree to participate in ACCORDION will continue to be followed through clinic and phone visits for an average of 3.5 years in the period 2011 through 2014. Participants will be seen in 76 clinics across the United States and Canada. The CDC is contributing intellectually and financially to the Health Related Quality of Life and Cost Effectiveness sub-studies of the trial.
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Addiction Technology Transfer Centers (ATTCs)
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Resource Development
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SAMHSA
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NIDA
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Accelerating the dissemination of research-based drug abuse treatment into clinical practice is a priority for the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and represents the core mission of the Blending Initiative. NIDA and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) joined together to create the Blending Initiative in 2001 to reduce the gap that exists between the publication of research results and impact on treatment delivery. This initiative incorporates collaboration between clinicians, scientists, and experienced trainers to catalyze the creation of user-friendly treatment tools and products and facilitate the adoption of research-based interventions into front-line clinical settings. Through this initiative, NIDA and SAMHSA’s Addiction Technology Transfer Centers (ATTCs) disseminate treatment and training products based on results from studies conducted by the National Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network (CTN) as well as other NIDA-supported research.
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Adjuvant Working Group
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Committee, Work group, Advisory group, or Task Force
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FDA
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NIAID, NCI
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Staff from all National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Divisions, program staff from the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), and regulatory staff from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) exchange information about ongoing programs related to novel adjuvants for infectious disease vaccines, identify high priority research areas (and gap areas), and discuss ideas to accelerate progress in adjuvant research through better access to information and resources.
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Administration of Comprehensive Assessment of Occupationally-Relevant Exposures
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Research Initiative
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CDC
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NIEHS
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This task order provides financial support for The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) personnel to travel to, attend, and participate in several National Toxicology Program (NTP) meetings held in Research Triangle Park, NC, and Washington, DC. These included Interagency Committee for Chemical Evaluation and Coordination meetings, NTP Technical Report meetings, NTP Board of Scientific Counselors meetings, Report on Carcinogens meetings, NTP Executive Committee Meetings, and ad hoc meetings addressing specific NTP issues. All of these meetings were aimed at investigating, defining, or reporting hazards associated with exposure to environmental chemicals. Many of the exposures are occupational and NIOSH personnel provide expert opinion on chemical exposures linked to cancer, respiratory disease, development and reproductive disorders, neurotoxicity, and immunological toxicity.
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Adults with Chronic Health Care Needs (ACHCN) Screener Cognitive Testing
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Research Initiative
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CDC
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CC
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A screening instrument developed to provide the health services research community with the capacity to estimate the size of and measure the subsequent health care needs and use among individuals with chronic conditions and/or disabilities at the population level is undergoing in-depth cognitive testing by the Questionnaire Design Research Laboratory in NCHS.
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Advanced Anticonvulsant System Interagency Product Team
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Committee, Work group, Advisory group, or Task Force
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FDA, OS
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NINDS
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The Advanced Anticonvulsant System Interagency Product Team is a Department of Defense led effort to facilitate activities, both research and regulatory, related to the FDA approval of midazolam for use in treating nerve agent exposure.
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Advancing Regulatory Science Through Novel Research and Science-Based Technologies
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Research Initiative
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FDA
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OD/DPCPSI, NCATS, NIDDK, NINDS, OD/DPCPSI/OSC
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This regulatory science initiative aims to foster the development, evaluation and availability of new or improved tools, methods, standards, and applied science that support a better understanding and improved evaluation of product safety, quality, effectiveness, and manufacturing throughout the product life cycle.
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Advancing the Research on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)
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Meeting/ Workshop
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AHRQ
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OD/DPCPSI/ODP, NHLBI, NIAID, NINDS, NINR, OD/DPCPSI/ORWH
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The Office of Disease Prevention coordinates the development of the Pathways to Prevention (P2P) program to host workshops that identify research gaps in a selected scientific area, identify methodological and scientific weaknesses in that scientific area, suggest research needs, and move the field forward through an unbiased, evidence-based assessment of a complex public health issue. Advancing the Research on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome was held December 9-10, 2014. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, multifaceted disorder characterized by extreme fatigue and a host of other symptoms that can worsen after physical or mental activity, but do not improve with rest. The workshop was designed to clarify: 1) How the research on ME/CFS using multiple case definitions has contributed to the state of the current scientific literature on diagnosis, pathophysiology, treatment, cure, and prevention of ME/CFS; 2) How the measurement outcomes (tools and measures) currently used by researchers of ME/CFS are able to distinguish among those patients diagnosed with ME/CFS, including the sensitivity of the tools and measures to identify subsets of patients according to duration, severity, nature of the illness, onset characteristics, and other categorizations; 3) How the research on treatments or therapies shown to be effective in addressing symptoms of ME/CFS will lead to an understanding of the underlying pathology associated with ME/CFS; and 4) How innovative research approaches have provided an understanding of the pathophysiology of ME/CFS, and how this knowledge can be applied to the development of effective and safe treatments. The workshop was sponsored by the Office of Disease Prevention and the Trans-NIH Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research Working Group. During the workshop, invited experts discussed the body of evidence and attendees provided comments during open discussion periods. An independent, multidisciplinary panel prepared a report that identified future research priorities.
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